Hysteroscopy

Hysteroscopy is a minimally invasive procedure that allows direct visualization and treatment of the uterine cavity using a thin, telescopic instrument called a hysteroscope. It is widely used for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes in gynecology, particularly for women with abnormal uterine bleeding, infertility, or recurrent miscarriages.

How Hysteroscopy Works

• The hysteroscope is inserted through the vagina and cervix into the uterus.
• The uterine cavity is distended with fluid or gas for clear visualization.
• Fine instruments can be passed through the hysteroscope to perform surgical procedures.
• Most procedures are outpatient, require minimal or no anesthesia, and offer rapid recovery.

1. Hysteroscopic Septal Resection

Purpose:
Resection of a uterine septum (a congenital partition dividing the uterine cavity), which can cause recurrent miscarriage, infertility, or abnormal bleeding.

Procedure:

• The septum is incised or excised under direct visualization using hysteroscopic scissors or electrosurgical instruments.
• This restores the normal shape of the uterine cavity.

Benefits:

• Minimally invasive alternative to abdominal surgery.
• Improves pregnancy outcomes: live birth rates can increase up to 80% after resection in women with recurrent miscarriage.
• Shorter recovery, fewer complications, and higher patient satisfaction compared to traditional surgery.

Hysteroscopic Polyp Removal (Polypectomy)

Purpose:
Removal of endometrial polyps—benign overgrowths of the uterine lining that can cause abnormal bleeding, infertility, or recurrent pregnancy loss.

Procedure:

• The polyp is visualized and removed using hysteroscopic instruments.
• The tissue is sent for pathological examination.

Benefits:

• Outpatient procedure with minimal discomfort and rapid recovery.
• Immediate resolution of symptoms and improved fertility outcomes.

Submucous Fibroid Resection

Purpose:
Removal of submucous fibroids (leiomyomas)—fibroids that project into the uterine cavity and can cause heavy bleeding, pain, infertility, or miscarriage.

Procedure:

• The fibroid is shaved or excised using a hysteroscopic resectoscope or morcellator.
• Only the fibroid tissue is removed, preserving the uterus.

Benefits:

• Effective treatment for abnormal uterine bleeding and infertility due to submucous fibroids.
• Avoids open surgery and preserves fertility.
• Low complication rate (1–5%) and rapid return to normal activity.

General Advantages of Hysteroscopy

• Minimally invasive: Small or no incisions, less pain, and minimal blood loss.
• Dual diagnostic and therapeutic capability: Many abnormalities can be diagnosed and treated in the same session.
• Faster recovery: Most patients go home the same day and return to normal activities quickly.
• Improved outcomes: Especially for women with infertility or recurrent miscarriage related to intrauterine pathology.