What Is Endometriosis?
Endometriosis is a chronic condition where tissue similar to the lining of the uterus (endometrium) grows outside the uterus. These growths—often found on the ovaries, fallopian tubes, pelvic lining, and sometimes even beyond—can cause inflammation, pain, and fertility issues.
Common Symptoms
Symptoms vary from person to person, and some individuals may have no symptoms at all. Common signs include:
- Pelvic pain, especially during periods
- Painful intercourse
- Pain with urination or bowel movements (especially during menstruation)
- Heavy or irregular menstrual bleeding
- Fatigue
- Difficulty getting pregnant
What Causes Endometriosis?
The exact cause is unknown, but several theories exist, including:
- Retrograde menstruation (menstrual blood flows backward through the fallopian tubes)
- Immune system dysfunction
- Genetic factors
- Hormonal imbalances
Endometriosis is not contagious, and it is not caused by anything a person did or didn’t do.
How Is It Diagnosed?
Diagnosis can be challenging and may take years. Methods include:
- Detailed medical history & symptom review
- Pelvic exam
- Ultrasound or MRI
- Laparoscopy (a minimally invasive surgical procedure that confirms the diagnosis and can also treat lesions)
How Is Endometriosis Treated?
There is no known cure, but symptoms can be managed through:
1. Medications
- Pain relief (NSAIDs like ibuprofen)
- Hormonal treatments (birth control pills, IUDs, GnRH agonists)
2. Surgery
- Laparoscopic removal of endometrial lesions
- In severe cases, hysterectomy may be considered (though it’s not always a definitive cure)
3. Fertility Treatment
- For those trying to conceive, options like IVF, IUI, or surgical treatment may be recommended.
Endometriosis and Fertility
Endometriosis can impact fertility by:
- Distorting pelvic anatomy
- Causing inflammation that affects egg quality or implantation
- Leading to scarring or blockage of fallopian tubes