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High Risk Pregnancy


A high-risk pregnancy is one in which the mother, fetus, or both have an increased chance of health problems or complications before, during, or after delivery. This designation is based on the presence of certain risk factors that can threaten the health or life of the mother or baby and often requires specialized care and closer monitoring throughout pregnancy.

Common Risk Factors for High-Risk Pregnancy


  • Maternal age: Younger than 17 or older than 35 years

  • Pre-existing medical conditions: Such as high blood pressure, diabetes, kidney disease, heart disease, epilepsy, thyroid disorders, autoimmune diseases (e.g., lupus), or HIV

  • Obstetric history: Previous preterm birth, previous C-section, recurrent miscarriages, or having a child with a genetic disorder or birth defect

  • Lifestyle factors: Smoking, alcohol use, drug use, being significantly underweight or overweight

  • Pregnancy-related conditions: Multiple gestation (twins, triplets), gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, placenta previa, or abnormal uterine structure

  • Genetic or structural fetal abnormalities

  • Infections: Sexually transmitted diseases, urinary tract infections, or other significant infections during pregnancy

Management and Care


  • Early and regular prenatal care is essential for high-risk pregnancies to monitor for complications and optimize outcomes.

  • Specialized care: High-risk pregnancies often require a multidisciplinary team, including maternal-fetal medicine specialists.

  • Lifestyle modifications: Maintaining a healthy diet, managing weight, avoiding harmful substances, and controlling chronic conditions.

  • Close monitoring: More frequent prenatal visits, ultrasounds, blood tests, and sometimes referral to a perinatal center for advanced care.

  • Preconception counseling: For women with known risk factors, pre-pregnancy evaluation and management can help reduce risks.

Prognosis


While a high-risk pregnancy increases the likelihood of complications, many women with high-risk pregnancies go on to have healthy babies with appropriate medical care and monitoring. The key is early identification of risk factors and individualized management throughout the pregnancy.